The first instalment of this blog (here) charted the rise of Islam's first heterodox sect, the Khawarij, who were described by the Prophet ﷺ as being: 'the worst of mankind and beasts'1 and 'dogs of Hellfire.'2 We saw how their defining traits were: (i) rebellion (khuruj) against legitimate state rule; (ii) declaring Muslims to be apostates (takfir) for sins or opinions…