Knowing Qualified Scholars from Cowboy Speakers

How do we distinguish a scholar from a da‘i, motivational speaker or 'knowledgeable brother'? What are the proper qualifications for true scholarship? How serious a sin is giving fatwas and religious rulings without appropriate knowledge? What dangers are there in the Islamic 'edu-tainment' and 'celebrity' culture we are now in, especially where poorly qualified (or even unqualified) speakers take to social media to promote themselves and attempt…